Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Children
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapy approach originally developed by American psychologist Dr Francine Shapiro in 1987. EMDR was initially studied for its use with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Research has explored its application for other conditions, including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It has been used with adults, adolescents, and children.
How EMDR Works
In EMDR, a person recalls a distressing memory while receiving bilateral stimulation, which most commonly involves guided eye movements but can also include other sensory methods. This process is thought to help the brain process traumatic memories that have become ‘stuck’.
As a result, the emotional intensity and physical distress associated with the memory may decrease over time. The memory can then be stored in a less distressing way.
EMDR with Children
When working with children, therapists adapt EMDR to suit the child’s age, developmental stage, and needs. Adaptations may include:
- Using puppets or drawing pictures to help children express memories and feelings
- Age-appropriate bilateral stimulation methods such as:
- Butterfly tapping (gentle tapping on the child’s arms or shoulders)
- Sounds through headphones
- Following moving lights
- Hand-held pulsers (sometimes called ‘tappers’ or ‘buzzers’)
Therapists typically spend time beforehand helping the child learn simple strategies to feel calm and safe. One benefit of EMDR is that children don’t have to talk a lot about their difficulties or find the right words to describe them. Parents or carers may sometimes sit in on sessions to provide support.
Considerations for EMDR with Children
EMDR is one of several therapeutic approaches that may be used to support children who have experienced trauma or certain mental health difficulties. Some studies suggest it can help reduce PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents, and it is recognised in certain clinical guidelines for trauma-related difficulties.
Like other therapies, EMDR may not be suitable for every child. Potential benefits and risks should be discussed with a qualified practitioner. Outcomes vary depending on the individual child and the nature of the difficulties.